Abstract: Using XRA, SEM/EDS and FEM methods, the degradation and distortion of wall painting from early Western Han dynasty were studied. According to our study, the degradation and distortion of wall painting relate to the temperature and humidity of environment. The biggish difference of mechanics capability of materials used in conservation and restoration is the main reason of the distortion and cracking of wall painting. This result can provide the design base for the conservation and restoration of the wall paintings. The scientific research of materials and mechanics of materials to conservation of culture relics is the important method.