Abstract: The law of stress distribution and its variation in rock roadway before and after excavation were studied so as to probe clearly the mechanism of impacting disasters in coal mines. Based on original in-situ stress data, rock damage modes under different rock characteristics and stress states were obtained by indoor rock mechanics simulation test. According to the location of rupture sources, impacting disasters had been divided into rock burst, pressure bump and mine earthquake. The mechanism, process and macro-characteristics of the three kinds of impacting disasters were analyzed.