炉料连续预热式电炉炼钢技术探讨

Technology of metallurgy for continuous scrap preheating electric arc furnace

  • 摘要: 在废钢入炉熔炼前,利用电炉产生的高温废气进行废钢预热,节能效果明显.炉料连续预热式电炉过程实现废钢连续加料、连续预热及连续熔化,电弧加热熔池、熔池熔化废钢,与普通电炉有着很大的区别.为了实现高效节能、追求流程设备顺行及其指标优化,本文在研究炉料连续预热式电炉工艺特点的基础上,提出如下论点:应对电炉炉衬的砌筑、供电、吹氧去碳、造渣脱磷等予以重视;由于全程"平熔池期",给电一开始电弧就加热钢水、就对渣线进行高温辐射,这就必须考虑保护渣线,因此,要求全程造泡沫渣进行埋弧操作;全程"平熔池期"及"变渣线"现象,要求渣线镁碳砖的砌筑要向下加厚(~300mm),增加抵御变渣线的能力;炉料连续预热式电炉变压器参数的确定,既要考虑电弧对废钢的熔化(电压要高些)、又要考虑电弧对平熔池的加热及保温的要求(电压要低些),供电上根据电弧的遮蔽状态(废钢或炉渣的遮蔽状态)确定电压的大小;为了最大限度节能及环保,必须采取余热再利用技术,二垩英新的公害值得重视与研究.

     

    Abstract: Before putting the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace (EAF), using the high-temperature exhaust gas generating from EAF to preheat it can bring obvious energy-saving effect. Continuous scrap preheating EAF is different from the ordinary EAF in the way of the scrap steel continuous feeding, continuous preheating and melting, electric arc heating molten pool and then the molten pool melting scrap. In order to achieve high efficiency and energy-saving, ensure operating the equipment smoothly in the process and optimize the operating parameters, based on the technology features of the continuous scrap preheating EAF the research results indicate that more attention should be paid to the building of EAF lining, power supply, oxygen jet decarburization, slagging dephosphorization and so on;As the whole "flat molten bath", once the electric power is supplied, the electric arc heats the molten steel and at the same time the slag line is radiated by the high temperature electric arc, so the slag line must be protected and therefore full-time submerged arc operation by foaming slag is required;full-time "flat molten bath" and "change slag line" phenomenon need the thickness of magnesia-carbon brick on slag line increase about 300 mm, thus the resistance of slag line change can be increased;To determine the transformer parameters of the continuous preheating EAF, the following requirements should be considered:the scrap steel melting (voltage to be higher), the flat molten pool heating and heat preservation (voltage to be lower) by the electric arc. The selection of the voltage should based on the arc shielding state (scrap, or slag shelter state);in order to maximize energy-saving and environmental protection, the re-use technology of the waste heat must be applied, the pollution of dioxin deserves attention and research.

     

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