Abstract: An acceleration telemetry system was used to make the integrated test and signal analysis of torsional vibration and axial vibration in a rolling mill.A computer simulation of the vibrations was carried out with the harmonic response module in ANSYS software.It is shown that the axial vibration of the drive spindle causes the frequent damage of the oil collecting box,and the reason for the axial vibration of the oil collecting box is the torsional vibration of the motor shaft,meaning that the axial vibration of the drive spindle is due to the torsional vibration of the mill's drive system.Through improving the structure of the oil collecting box,the carrying capacity of axial vibration is increased a lot and the service life of the oil collecting box is prolonged dramatically.