Abstract: Experiments were done to study the physical dissociation of phosphorus and iron elements in typical high-phosphorus hematite ore samples from the Enshi area of Hubei Province, China. The basic characteristics analyses of the ore samples show the ore is a typical oolitic hematite in which iron and phosphorus elements are not in a chemical combination state, indicating that by the high-speed jet mill technology, the high-phosphorus hematite is finely ground to an average particle size of 2 p,m. It is found that the contents of iron and phosphorus are not evenly distributed in the ultra-fine powders, meaning that the effective dissociation of iron and phosphor-us elements is achieved in the ore. Then a fluidization device for pneumatic separation was designed and manufactured to investigate the fluidization characteristics of the uhra-fine powders. The result shows that the ultra-fine powders have different fluidization characteris-tics from the conventional particles, and this provides basic parameters for the pneumatic separation of iron and phosphorus. Based on the different densities of Fe-rich or P-rich materials, an experimental facility of pneumatic separation can be designed and manufactured, and preliminary make iron and phosphorus separated from the ultra-fine high-phosphorus hematite.