超高强热成形钢的应变速率敏感性

Strain rate sensitivity of ultra-high strength hot stamping steel

  • 摘要: 利用CMT5105电子万能试验机和HTM 16020电液伺服高速试验机对超高强热成形钢进行拉伸试验,应变速率范围为10-3~103 s-1,模拟热成形零件在不同应变速率下的碰撞情况.结果表明:在低应变速率阶段(10-3~10-1 s-1)实验钢的应变速率敏感性不高,随应变速率的升高,实验钢的强度和延伸率变化不大;在高应变速率阶段(100~103 s-1)实验钢具有高的应变速率敏感性,随应变速率的升高,实验钢的强度和延伸率都呈增大的趋势,并且抗拉强度的应变速率敏感性要大于屈服强度.这主要是由于在高应变速率阶段拉伸时产生的绝热温升现象和应变硬化现象共同作用造成的.实验钢颈缩后的延伸率随应变速率的增大而减小,主要是由于高应变速率下马氏体局部变形不均匀造成的.实验钢吸收冲击功的能力随应变速率的升高而增大,实验钢达到均匀延伸率时吸收冲击功的大小对应变速率更敏感.与低应变速率阶段相比,实验钢在高应变速率阶段的断口韧窝的平均直径更小,韧窝的深度更深,这与高应变速率阶段部分马氏体晶粒的碎化有关.通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现,在高应变速率拉伸时晶粒有明显的拉长趋势,并且在应力集中的地方有一些微空洞的存在,应变速率为103 s-1时部分区域有碎化的现象.

     

    Abstract: The tensile test of an ultra-high strength hot stamping steel was tested using the CMT5105 electronic universal testing machine and HTM 16020 electro-hydraulic servo high-speed material testing machine. The impacts of the hot stamping parts were simulated at strain rates range of 10-3-103 s-1. The results show that in the low strain rate (10-3-10-1 s-1), the strain rate sensitivity of the tested steel is not very high, and the steel strength and elongation change little with an increase of strain rate. In the high strain rate stage (100-103 s-1), the strain rate sensitivity of the steel is very high, and the steel strength and elongation increase with strain rate. The strain rate sensitivity of the tensile strength is higher than the yield strength mainly because of the adiabatic temperature rise phenomenon and the strain working phenomenon that simultaneously occur during the high strain rate stage. The elongation after necking decreases with an increase of strain rate, mainly because of the local inhomogeneous deformation of the martensite at the high strain rate. The impact energy absorption capacity of the experimental steel increases with strain rate, and is more sensitive at the uniform elongation. Compared with the low strain rate stage, the average fracture diameter of the dimple in the high strain rate stage is smaller, and its depth is deeper; this is related to the fragmentation of the martensite grains region in the high strain rate stage. Scanning elec-tron microscope and transmission electron microscope images reveal that the grains are elongated at high strain rate stage and some microvoids are present in the stress-concentrated regions. Moreover, the fragmentation phenomenon can be found in part of region at the 103 s-1 strain rate.

     

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