楔横轧内直角小台阶精确轧齐曲线

The accurate shaping curve for forming inside small right-angle step using cross-wedge rolling

  • 摘要: 内直角台阶的轧齐一直是楔横轧的关键技术之一,一般内直角台阶的轧齐曲线公式和算法不适合小台阶的生产应用。为了解决这一问题,通过改进几何模型,针对内直角小台阶的螺旋体体积提出一种新的计算方法。根据楔横轧工艺的特点,比较轧件初始半径与对应辅助圆半径的大小关系,指出了二辊轧齐过程中内直角小台阶的判断条件。根据轧件大端半径与旋转角度的关系,将轧齐过程分成了三个阶段。通过对小台阶螺旋体的分块,将其近似成三个规则体积的组合,推导出了轧齐过程中各个阶段的体积公式。依据体积平衡原理和楔横轧模具特点,得到了二辊楔横轧内直角小台阶随轧件旋转角度变化的轧齐曲线。最后采用刚塑性有限元软件Deform-3D对一定断面收缩率范围内的轴类件进行楔横轧数值模拟,验证了本文所提出的轧齐曲线计算方法的适用性。同时通过对比分析,发现在小断面收缩率轴类件直角台阶成形时展宽角应尽量取小。

     

    Abstract: Cross-wedge rolling (CWR) die generally has three parts: a knifing section, a stretching section, and a finishing section. When forming an inside step, to avoid generating spiral steps, a new transitional section is introduced between the knifing and finishing sections, during which the surface is cut in the same shape as the inside step. The resulting surface is called the shaping surface, and its intersection with the base surface of the die is called the shaping curve. The rolling of the inside right-angle step has long been a key technology of CWR. The general formula and algorithm for the rolling alignment curve are not suitable for producing small right-angle steps. To solve this problem, we improve the geometric model and propose a new method for calculating the volume of the spiral cone of the small right-angle step. Based on the characteristics of the CWR process, the initial radius of the rolled product is compared with the radius of the corresponding auxiliary circle to preliminarily determine the conditions required for the small inside right-angle step. Based on the relationship between the radius of large section and the rotation angle, the shaping process is divided into three phases, the volume formulas for which are deduced by dividing the spiral cone into three regular volumes. Based on the volume fixedness theory, an accurate shaping curve of the small right-angle step is obtained by changing the rotation angle of the rolled piece. Finally, the finite element software Deform-3D is used to simulate the large diameter part within a certain area reduction range, the results of which verify the applicability of the proposed calculation method. The results of a comparative analysis also reveal that the stretching angle should be as small as possible when producing large-diameter shaft parts with small right-angle steps.

     

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