金属增材制造的微观组织特征对其抗腐蚀行为影响的研究进展

Research progress on the influence of microstructure characteristics of metal additive manufacturing on its corrosion resistance

  • 摘要: 金属增材制造是增材制造技术中最重要的分支,其成形零件复杂度高,力学性能高于一般铸件,已经被广泛应用于航天航空、医疗、能源等领域。在目前主流金属增材制造过程中,主要使用高能束熔化金属粉体,从而造成极高的材料过冷度,虽然过冷细化晶粒与特殊析出相会提高材料的力学性能,但是学术界与工业界对金属增材制造制件在服役过程中的腐蚀性能仍然存在疑问,亟需关于高能束金属增材制造制件的抗腐蚀性能系统性研究综述。因此,本文就三种常用的金属增材制造技术,对目前金属增材制造工件的腐蚀性能相关研究进展进行总结和归纳,深入研究了打印产品中的残余应力、晶粒尺寸、析出相和各向异性等影响抗腐蚀性能的行为,分析了参数优化及热处理工艺提高材料抗腐蚀性能的机理。最后对金属增材制造的抗腐蚀性能的改善手段进行了展望。

     

    Abstract: Additive manufacturing technology is a method of manufacturing parts that are stacked layer by layer through the principle of discrete stacking, which is different from traditional subtractive manufacturing. It has been widely concerned due to its advantages of short process flow, high material-utilization rate, and highly flexible manufacturing. Additive metal manufacturing is the most important branch of additive manufacturing technology. Its forming parts have high complexity, showing excellent mechanical properties than ordinary castings. After more than 20 years of development, it has been widely used in aerospace, medical, energy, and other related fields. In the current mainstream metal material in the manufacturing process, the main use of high-energy beam-melting metal powders results in extremely high overcooling, whereas cold fine grains exhibit special precipitation and increase the mechanical properties of the material. However, there are still doubts about the corrosion performance of metal additive manufacturing parts in the service process. The mechanism of the corrosion effect of special microstructures and precipitation relative to materials in the service process is still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to review the systematic research of the corrosion resistance of high-energy beam metal additive manufacturing parts. Corrosion resistance is also one of the key factors for metal additive manufacturing products to occupy a place in the market and should be paid attention to. Therefore, this article summarized the current research progress on the corrosion performance of metal additive manufacturing workpieces on three commonly used metal additive manufacturing technologies: laser melting, electron beam melting, and directional metal deposition. The residual stress, grain size, precipitated phase, and anisotropy affect the corrosion resistance behavior. The influence mechanism of the parameter optimization and heat-treatment process on the corrosion resistance of the material was analyzed. Finally, the prospects of improving the corrosion resistance of metal additive manufacturing products were discussed.

     

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