雷暴天气下的多航班备降动态优化方案

Flight alternate optimization scheme in dangerous weather based on multiexpectation

  • 摘要: 空中多次备降极易导致低油量等不安全事件发生。针对区域内多航班集体备降这一问题,选取其中最复杂情况,即航路或终端区存在雷暴天气,首先通过搜集和统计气象数据与历史航迹,得到雷暴天气下飞行限制区的划设标准;然后,将前往备降场方式分为机动飞行与沿航路飞行两类,分别使用A*与改进灰狼−Dijkstra方法开展改航路径规划;先以备降航班飞行总时长最短为单目标,再综合飞行、管制、机场、航空公司等多方期望构建多目标函数,定义动态决策时间间隔,提出一种基于单目标与多目标的区域内多航班备降动态优化方案;最后,使用“8.12”华北运行数据开展仿真验证,在单目标与多目标方案中,面向机动飞行A*算法所得结果分别将飞行总时长减少了100 min和62 min,而面向按照航路飞行的改进灰狼−Dijkstra算法所得总时长分别减少73 min和14 min;并且,在多目标方案中,航班恢复飞往原目的地的时间整体提前了63 min,总成本降低了6.29万元。以上说明,该方案在保证航班备降安全基础上,可兼顾多方需求,提升经济与效率。

     

    Abstract: Aircraft landing with low fuel is usually caused by diversion decision changes in the air. It could lead to an unsafe event. To solve the problem of collective alternate landings of multiple flights in the area, the most complex situation is selected, that is, when the weather in the route or terminal area is dangerous. However, in this situation, when the pilot announces diversion, many are unacceptable by the airport due to limited aircraft stand. Therefore, this study establishes a decision-making approach to help air traffic controllers and airlines choose suitable alternate airports since accurate fly limit zone conditions can keep the aircraft out of dangerous weather and a short diversion route can avoid the low fuel situation, both of which can increase the safety of the diversion process. The basic conditions of the fly limit zone under dangerous weather are obtained by combining meteorological data and historic tracks. Here, A* and the improved gray wolf Dijkstra algorithm are used to plan the diversion path for two different routes to the alternate aerodrome: maneuvering flight and flying along the route. First, considering the shortest total flight time of alternate flight as the single objective and subsequently integrating the expectations of flight, control, airport, and airline, a multi-objective function is constructed, the dynamic decision-making time interval is defined, and a dynamic optimization scheme of multi-flight alternate in the region based on a single objective and multi-objective is proposed. The single-objective scheme focuses on the safe aspect of diversion, while the multi-objective scheme focuses on preventing airport rejection. The multi-objective scheme can enable the flight to land quickly, ensure safety, and consider the expectations of multiple parties to avoid diverting simultaneously. Using the “8.12” North China large area alternate landing data, the total flight time obtained by selecting the direct flight A* algorithm is reduced by 100 and 62 min, respectively, and the total flight time obtained by the improved gray wolf Dijkstra algorithm based on the route is reduced by 73 and 14 min. Moreover, in the multi-objective scheme, the overall time of flight resumption to the original destination is 63 min earlier, and the total cost is reduced by 62900 yuan. Although multiple diversion still occurs on CA991, the process is within the safety range. Therefore, results indicate that the scheme considers the needs of multiple parties and improves the economy to ensure the safety of flight alternate landing.

     

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