加热温度对热成形中锰钢氢脆敏感性的影响

Effect of heating temperature on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in hot stamped medium-Mn steel

  • 摘要: 对0.1C–5Mn中锰钢在不同温度(850、950和1000 ℃)加热后进行热成形处理,利用电化学预充氢、慢应变速率拉伸及氢渗透实验等研究了加热温度对其氢脆敏感性的影响. 结果表明,试验钢在不同温度加热后进行热成形处理,其组织全部为马氏体,同时因自回火而生成一定量的ε-碳化物,且随着加热温度的升高,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,而试验钢的强度和塑性逐渐降低. 当加热温度为850 ℃时获得了较好的强度与塑性配合,强塑积为22 GPa·%. 随着加热温度升高,充氢样中的可扩散氢含量明显降低而非可扩散氢含量有所增加,而以相对缺口抗拉强度损失表征的氢脆敏感性指数及有效氢扩散系数呈现先升高后显著降低的变化趋势,当加热温度为1000 ℃时,氢脆敏感性最低. 进一步断口分析表明,试验钢充氢断口起裂区均为沿着原奥氏晶界的沿晶断裂. 试验钢的这种氢脆断裂行为主要与热成形中锰钢的强度水平及自回火析出的ε-碳化物有关. 与常用的传统热成形钢22MnB5相比,试验钢的氢脆敏感性较高,这主要与其Ms点(马氏体转变开始温度)较低而使得自回火程度较低等有关.

     

    Abstract: Medium-Mn steel with M3 microstructural characteristics (multiphase, multiscale, and metastable) is a promising third-generation automotive steel owing to its remarkable combination of ultrahigh strength and ductility. Hot stamping of medium-Mn steel is a new approach that integrates steel stamping and quenching, during which the formability and mechanical properties of the steel are enhanced. However, there exists an increasing danger of hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties with increasing steel strength grade, and minimal research is available on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of hot stamped medium-Mn steel. With this aim, the susceptibility to HE of a widely used medium-Mn steel 0.1C–5Mn subjected to hot stamping at 850, 950, and 1000 ℃ was examined using electrochemical hydrogen charging, hydrogen permeation test, and slow strain rate tensile test. The results of microstructural evaluation reveal that all hot stamped samples have a full martensite microstructure with a certain amount of needle-like ε-carbide precipitates owing to self-tempering during the hot stamping process. With increasing heating temperature, the prior austenite grain size increased, whereas the strength and ductility of the tested steel gradually decreased. At 850 ℃, a good combination of strength and ductility was obtained, and the product of the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation was 22 GPa·%. With increasing heating temperature, the content of diffusible hydrogen remarkably decreased, and that of nondiffusible hydrogen increased, whereas the HE index (HEI) expressed by the relative notch tensile strength loss and effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient initially increased and then decreased. The HE susceptibility of the sample heating to 1000 ℃ with an HEI value of ~65% was the lowest among the three samples examined. Further fracture analysis demonstrated that the prehydrogen-charged samples were fractured by intergranular cracking along the boundaries of prior austenite grains in the crack initiation region. It is concluded that the variations in the susceptibility to HE of the tested medium-Mn steel with heating temperature are primarily owing to the changes in strength and self-tempered ε-carbide precipitates during the hot stamping process. Compared with the currently widely used hot stamping steel 22MnB5 with an HEI value of ~62%, the susceptibility to HE of the hot stamped medium-Mn steel of interest remains a little higher than the steel 22MnB5, which is primarily owing to its relatively low martensite transformation start temperature (Ms) and thus low self-tempering degree.

     

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