Abstract: As a major global steel producer, China generated substantial amount of steel slag by-products in the process, posing a serious threat to the eco-system. As a type of bulk alkaline solid waste, steel slag not only has a wide range of sources and low cost, but also has the potential for high-value resource utilization. Within the framework of carbon-neutral strategy, using steel slag for CO2 capture effectively alleviate the current domestic challenge on steel slag treatment and disposal. This article systematically reviewed the current status of steel slag treatment and resource utilization in China, analyzed the reaction mechanism and key influencing factors in the carbon capture process of steel slag. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the current constraint factors of carbon capture methods for steel slag were presented, followed by the development trends of micro/nano bubble technology and alternative water resources. These discussions aim to enhance steel slag carbon capture efficiency while reducing water footprint. Finally, the resource utilization potential of carbon capture products under various methodologies was analyzed. This study is expected to promote the large-scale application of steel slag carbon capture technology and accelerate the steel industry towards green development.