危岩崩塌灾害动力学监测预警系统及工程应用

Dynamic Monitoring and Warning System for Dangerous Rockfall Disasters and Its Engineering Applications

  • 摘要: 危岩崩塌灾害具有分布广、频率高以及突发特性,是三大地质灾害中最难监测预警的灾害之一。目前基于宏观位移的监测方法难以满足危岩崩塌早期预警的需求问题,提出基于牛顿第二定律的边坡动力学新理论和微芯智能监测新技术,研发“技术+管理”的安全态势天地感知监测预警新系统。从危岩崩塌失稳动力学理论模型、监测预警指标、感知设备与预警系统及工程应用5个方面进行总结论述。首先,突破传统极限平衡理论提出了牛顿第二定律的边坡危岩动力学理论,构建了基于动力特征变化的危岩失稳概化模型,形成一套可反应危岩脱离度的评价方法。再者,自主研发危岩崩塌实时感知“三位一体”指标的微芯传感装备以及“三位一体”预警方法的预警平台,提出了技术监测和工程管理相结合的危岩崩塌灾害防治思想。最后,该系统在全国的500个工程项目中得以应用,成功预警50余起险情灾情,解决了危岩崩塌早期预警的科学难题。

     

    Abstract: Rockfall disasters, marked by wide distribution, high frequency and sudden occurrence, constitute one of the most challenging disasters for monitoring and warning among the three major geological disasters. Currently, the monitoring approach based on macro displacement proves to be highly challenging in meeting the requirements for early warning of hazardous rock collapses. A novel slope dynamics theory founded on Newton's second law and a new micro-core intelligent monitoring technology are presented, and a new safety situation earth-world sensing monitoring and early warning system based on "technology + management" is developed. This paper undertakes a summary and discussion in five respects: the dynamic model of dangerous rock collapse and instability, the monitoring and early warning index, the sensing equipment, the early warning system, and the engineering application. Firstly, transcending the traditional limit equilibrium theory, a dynamic theory of dangerous rock slope based on Newton's second law is put forward, and a generalized instability model of dangerous rock relying on the variation of dynamic characteristics is established to shape a set of evaluation theory that can mirror the detachment level of dangerous rock. Furthermore, the micro-core sensing equipment for sensing the "trinity" index during the real-time of dangerous rock collapse and the early warning platform of the "trinity" warning method are independently developed, and the idea of preventing dangerous rock collapse disasters by combining technical monitoring and engineering management is proposed. Finally, the system has been implemented in 500 engineering projects nationwide, and has successfully alerted more than 50 hazardous disasters, resolving the scientific issue of early warning of dangerous rock collapses.

     

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