Abstract: Under the guidance of China’s “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, efforts are underway to optimize and adjust the national energy structure. This involves a gradual reduction in the reliance on traditional fossil fuels such as coal and oil and an accelerated transition to clean, green, and low-carbon energy sources. The rational development and utilization of geothermal resources can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while promoting the green transformation and sustainable development of mining areas. This study uses the Jining Coalfield as a case study, exploring the geothermal geological conditions in the coalfield area. The investigation revealed that the voids left after coal mining and drainage could potentially serve as a “thermal reservoir.” The study utilized thermal reservoir and recovery rate methods to calculate the quantity of geothermal resources and the recoverable reserves for each mine within the coalfield, evaluating their development and utilization potential. The findings indicated that the geothermal resource reserves of the Jining Coalfield amount to 1.05 × 10¹⁵ kJ, which is equivalent to 3.6 billion tons of standard coal. The recoverable geothermal resource volume was estimated at 1.05 × 10¹⁴ kJ or 360000 tons of standard coal. Development and utilization of these resources are projected to reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 8.59 million tons. The study also determined that the average recoverable resource potential of each mine in the coalfield ranges from 6.82 × 10¹⁰ to 3.13 × 10¹¹ kJ·km⁻². This indicates that while the current level of geothermal development and utilization is low, there is significant potential for expansion. For operational mines, two technical schemes were proposed: utilizing mine air return heat energy and mine drainage waste heat to enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy waste. For closed mines, two geothermal utilization models were introduced: “extracting heat without extracting water” and “extracting heat without consuming water,” which can effectively conserve water resources while promoting sustainable geothermal utilization. Using a typical coal mine as a case example, the study examined the development potential of underground mine spaces, including roadways, auxiliary shafts, filling holes, tunnel shafts, direct discharge shafts, surface drainage pipelines, industrial square buildings, and other mining facilities. This approach outlined a comprehensive technical pathway for geothermal development and utilization in the coalfield. A geothermal heating demonstration project has now been preliminarily completed, covering a heating area of 50000 square meters. By utilizing geothermal resources, the project can save 118.04 tons of standard coal annually and reduce CO₂ emissions by 281.64 t per year, establishing a sustainable model of geothermal resource development and utilization that “extracts heat without consuming water.” This research provides crucial technical support for the comprehensive utilization of geothermal energy in mines and contributes to the green transformation of mining operations, aligning with the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals. The development and utilization of geothermal resources enable mining areas to optimize their energy structure, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and promote the diversified growth of the local economy. Additionally, this approach enhances the quality of the ecological environment and paves the way for new avenues of sustainable development.