基于希尔伯特-黄变换与频谱加权重构的毫米波雷达心率检测方法

Hilbert-Huang Transform and Spectrum Weighted Reconstruction Integration for Millimeter Wave Radar Based Heart Rate Detection

  • 摘要: 近年来国内外健康问题十分严峻,心率作为评估人体健康状况的重要生命体征指标,对其进行无扰、低负荷检测已成为社会迫切需求。雷达技术的发展使非接触式心率检测成为可能,然而,由于心跳引起的胸腔振动极其微弱,很容易被呼吸谐波、环境杂波噪声淹没,如何克服检测过程中未知环境噪声与呼吸谐波干扰是当前面临的两大严峻挑战。为此,本文提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)与频谱加权重构的毫米波雷达心率检测方法,实现心率的无扰准确检测。该方法主要由微动目标定位和心跳信号重构估计两种策略组成。其中,微动目标定位策略通过自适应恒虚警率(Constant False Alarm Rate, CFAR)动态阈值分析,提高动态未知噪声场景下微弱信号目标的定位精度;心跳信号重构估计策略首先通过HHT进行自适应时频局部化分析,提取对应心率区间的本征模态函数,并对其频谱能量进行加权重构,从而进一步抑制心跳信号中的呼吸谐波和噪声干扰,提高心率检测的分辨率。对不同受试个体在不同心率状态下进行实验,结果表明,与现有常用方法相比,本文所提方法可有效抑制呼吸谐波、环境噪声杂波干扰,显著提高人体心率检测精度。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, health issues have been serious worldwide. As an important vital sign indicator to evaluate human health, heart rate (HR) detection has become an urgent need of society without disturbance and comfort. Traditional detection methods in medical institutions, such as photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG), though effective in providing real-time and accurate data, face limitations in terms of comfort and versatility. Advances in radar technologies make it possible to detect HR without contact. However, as the chest wall displacement caused by heartbeat is extremely weak, HR is easy to be overwhelmed by respiration harmonics, noise and clutter, so how to address the issue of the unknown environmental noise, and respiratory harmonic interference during the detection process are two critical challenges. To tackle the aforementioned challenges, in this paper, we propose a non-contact HR detection approach for millimeter wave radar based on Hilbert-Huang transform and spectrum weighted reconstruction to achieve accurate HR estimation without disturbance. The approach includes a micro-moving target location strategy and a heart rate reconstruction estimation strategy. In micro-motion target localization strategy, we first eliminate static clutter from the raw data. Then, building on the traditional Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) method, we design an adaptive CFAR approach that adjusts dynamically based on environmental noise thresholds, which reduces the impact of random noise and improves the sensitivity and accuracy of weak signal target detection during HR monitoring. In heartbeat signal reconstruction strategy, we first utilize the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) for high-resolution time-frequency localization analysis, capturing transient features and variations of non-stationary and nonlinear signals such as heartbeats. By extracting the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) corresponding to the heart rate range and designing a spectral weighting reconstruction method, we segment and enhance the heart rate interval,which further suppresses respiratory harmonics and noise interference in the heartbeat signal, thereby improving the resolution of heart rate detection. Experiments were conducted in both laboratory and office settings using Texas Instruments IWR1843 millimeter-wave radar sensor. The performance of the proposed method under the different HR and the different individual states are investigated by extensive experiments. The results indicate that the proposed method could effectively suppress the respiration harmonics, noise and clutter interference, achieving superior heartbeat signal decomposition and reconstruction compared to existing methods. The average HR error is 1.16 BPM, significantly enhancing HR detection accuracy.

     

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