基于改进水平集模型的心脏图像分割算法

Research on cardiac image segmentation algorithm based on improved level set modeling

  • 摘要: 近年来,基于变分水平集方法的心脏医学图像分割在图像处理中得到广泛的应用,然而,由于图像灰度不均匀性和梯度下降法中的符号距离函数导致图像在分割中有计算复杂、运算成本较高的问题. 为了解决这些问题,本文在自适应局部拟合(Adaptive local fitting, ALF )模型的基础上修改并加入边缘检测函数,提出了一种改进的活动轮廓模型,并与图像分割的快速计算算法——乘子交替方向法(Alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM)相结合来求解水平集方程. 本文提出的新水平集图像分割模型,包含了图像的邻域信息,可以更好的解决图像不均匀的问题;利用传统的梯度下降法来分割图像会有耗时长、计算成本高等问题,而用ADMM算法代替传统算法,原本复杂的问题可以被拆分成若干个简单的子问题,逐一解决这些子问题能够更快速并准确地解决整个问题,进而解决了传统模型存在耗时长、计算复杂、计算成本高的问题. 实验结果表明新模型不仅对灰度不均匀的图像具有较强的鲁棒性,还具有更高的分割效率和精度.

     

    Abstract: In recent years, cardiac medical image segmentation using the variational level-set method has been widely applied in image processing. However, the uneven grayscale of images and the symbolic distance function in the gradient descent method lead to issues such as computational complexity and high computational cost during segmentation. To address these challenges, this paper introduces modifications to the edge detection function based on the adaptive local fitting model and develops an improved active contour model. This model is combined with fast computational image segmentation algorithm, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), to solve the level-set equations. The proposed approach, called the neighbor level set minimized with the ADMM method, incorporates a data fitting term that leverages neighbor region information for enhanced medical image segmentation. The introduction of the edge detection function smooths homogeneous regions and enhances edge information. The proposed model effectively addresses common issues in medical image segmentation, such as intensity inhomogeneity, and produces accurate and fast results. The problem of inaccurate segmentation is resolved by introducing a new level set active contour model that incorporates neighborhood information to precisely segment the region of interest. The model mitigates the impact of grayscale variations by leveraging local contextual information, which improves segmentation accuracy. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new model for medical image segmentation based on a neighborhood-level set framework and the ADMM method. Our energy function comprises three terms: the data fitting term, the length term, and the regularization term, which together balance the fitting energy and ensure a smooth boundary. The ADMM method is then employed to minimize the energy function and achieve the final segmentation result. Traditional segmentation methods, such as gradient descent, are often time-consuming, computationally complex, and costly. In contrast, the proposed approach breaks down a complex problem into several simpler sub-problems that can be solved sequentially to enable faster and more accurate resolution using the ADMM algorithm. This approach also effectively addresses the challenges posed by level-set equations. Experimental results demonstrate that the new model is not only robust to uneven grayscale images but also achieves higher segmentation efficiency and accuracy. The model demonstrates the ability to quickly generate curves and accurately represent the contours of cardiac images. To evaluate its effectiveness, we conduct comparative experiments using the Dice coefficient and Jaccard index as evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that our proposed model consistently achieves higher Dice coefficients and Jaccard indices compared with other existing models. This achievement highlights its superior segmentation performance. In conclusion, our improved level-set contour model, combined with the fast computational ADMM algorithm, provides an effective solution to the challenges commonly encountered in medical image segmentation. It offers significant improvements in accuracy, computational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

     

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