Abstract: Mercury (Hg), as a key element in soil heavy metal pollution, poses serious health risks to humans. Current national soil quality standards only limit the total concentration of pollutants in the soil, without considering the actual absorbable amount of pollutants during exposure, which may lead to an overestimation of health risks. This article reviews the current status of soil Hg pollution, its toxic effects on humans, in vivo and in vitro models used for Hg health risk assessment, and soil Hg remediation methods. The results show that areas with severe soil Hg pollution are often located in regions with high atmospheric Hg emissions from industrial and mining activities. At low levels, Hg exposure can have significant negative effects on health, mainly affecting the nervous system and kidneys. Most studies on Hg toxicity use mouse models for in vivo research and employ intestinal, neuronal, and renal cell models to investigate the potential toxic effects of Hg. Remediation of soil Hg pollution mainly utilizes thermal remediation and stabilization/solidification techniques. To make the research more accurate, future studies could select organoid models as in vitro models for studying Hg toxicity mechanisms in targeted remediation areas, considering different exposure pathways, individual differences, varying forms of Hg content, and future application scenarios. This would help develop differentiated assessment models for precise health risk evaluation. Based on the assessment results, risk-based grading for remediation areas can be performed, and different soil remediation methods can be selected according to the application scenario, in order to control, remediate, and mitigate soil Hg pollution. This approach aims to effectively reduce the health risks of soil Hg pollution and provide scientific data support for the application of soil remediation.