基于堆叠集成学习混合方法的钢纤维混凝土抗压强度预测与应用

Prediction and Application of the Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Compressive Strength: Hybrid Methods with Stacking Ensemble Learning

  • 摘要: 随着现代工程对材料性能要求不断提高,钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)作为一种具有优异力学性能和耐久性的复合材料,在工程中得到了广泛的应用。钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度,特别是单轴抗压强度,是衡量其性能的关键指标。通过室内试验对钢纤维混凝土的强度进行测试,往往需要花费大量的人力物力,且养护周期较长。基于此,提出了一种基于堆叠集成学习的钢纤维混凝土抗压强度预测模型。基于收集到的211组不同的钢纤维混凝土配合比数据,选用SVM、DT、KNN、RF和BP 5种单一模型进行堆叠集成学习。同时,使用6种优化算法对5种单一模型进行优化,最终得到OP-Stacking混合模型。使用OP-Stacking混合模型对钢纤维混凝土7天抗压强度进行预测,MSE和R2分别为86.9167和0.9398,均优于其他5种单一模型。同时,将钢纤维混凝土7天、28天的抗压强度进行线性拟合,得到了7天、28天强度的经验公式。最后,将OP-Stacking混合模型与7天、28天强度经验公式进行了封装,建立了钢纤维混凝土强度预测系统和智能配比设计,为滇中引水工程新型支护设计快速施工提供了重要支持。

     

    Abstract: As modern engineering has increasingly high requirements for material performance, steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC), as a composite material with excellent mechanical properties and durability, has been widely used in engineering. The compressive strength of SFRC, especially the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), is a key indicator of its performance. Testing the strength of SFRC through indoor tests often requires a lot of manpower and material resources and has a long maintenance period. On this basis, this study proposed an SFRC compressive strength prediction model based on stacking ensemble learning. Using 211 collected sets of different SFRC mix proportion data, five single models were selected for stacking ensemble learning: support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and back propagation neural network (BP). Moreover, six optimization algorithms were used to optimize the five single models. Then, the OP-Stacking hybrid model was obtained and used to predict the 7-day compressive strength of the SFRC, with MSE and R2 values of 86.9167 and 0.9398, respectively, which are better than those of the other five single models. The compressive strengths of SFRC at 7 days and 28 days were linearly fitted, and empirical formulas for the 7-day and 28-day strengths were obtained. Finally, the OP-Stacking hybrid model was encapsulated with 7-day and 28-day strength empirical formulas to establish an SFRC strength prediction system and the intelligent proportioning design, providing important support for the rapid construction of the new support design of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project.

     

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