Abstract: The iron and steel industries stand as cornerstones of the Chinese national economy, underpinning infrastructure development and manufacturing sectors. However, their huge production scale—accounting for over half of global steel output—has resulted in high energy consumption and pollutant emissions, positioning steel production as the single largest source of industrial air pollutants in the country. These emissions, encompassing particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), dioxins, and CO₂, pose substantial threats to public health and ecological sustainability. Long-term exposure to these pollutants can increase the incidence of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular issues and contribute to acid rain and climate change. As environmental regulations have evolved from single-pollutant standards to stringent multi-pollutant ultra-low emission requirements, the iron and steel industries have undergone a paradigm shift in pollution control strategies. The scale of this transition is compounded by international commitments, including those under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, and global climate agreements, creating dual pressures to address conventional pollutants and emerging concerns including carbon neutrality. Chinese steel enterprises thus face the complex task of integrating pollution abatement with carbon reduction while maintaining their competitive edge in the global market. Many large steelmakers have had to allocate a substantial portion of their budgets to facility upgrades, impacting their short-term profitability, but crucial for long-term sustainability. A comprehensive review of domestic and international practices reveals that China has made remarkable progress in setting emission standards for particulate matter, SO₂, and NO_x, exceeding the standards set in many other developed regions. To date, gaps remain in dioxin regulation, where limits lag behind those enforced by the European Union, Japan, and provisions of the Stockholm Convention. This discrepancy is particularly critical given that sintering processes and electric arc furnaces—key stages in steel production—are major dioxin sources, releasing these highly toxic compounds through incomplete combustion and chemical reactions at high temperatures. Dioxins are known to be carcinogenic and can bioaccumulate in food chains, posing long-term risks to ecosystems and human health. A multi-tiered approach based on best available technologies, including rigorous raw material screening to reduce chlorine and heavy metal content, process optimization including low-temperature sintering to minimize dioxin formation, and advanced end-of-pipe treatments is imperative. Combining high-efficiency electrostatic precipitators with activated carbon adsorption systems can effectively capture particulates and dioxins, with some facilities reporting a reduction of over 90% in pollutant levels. Selective catalytic reduction technology can simultaneously reduce NO_x emissions. Such integrated systems enable synergistic control, addressing multiple pollutants in a cost-effective manner. Enhancing regulatory frameworks to align with international dioxin standards is also essential. Strengthening research on emerging pollutants, developing real-time online monitoring systems, and leveraging artificial intelligence for precision management of emission controls are equally important. Efforts should also be made to promote research on the application of advanced multi-pollutant coordinated emission reduction technologies, explore paths coupling pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and encourage the development of high-quality green productivity in the steel industry.