Abstract: With the rapid development of photovoltaic industry, the amount of silicon cutting waste is constantly increasing. Recycling and high-value utilization of silicon resources from silicon cutting waste has the potential to not only reduce environmental pollution risks and protect human health but also promote the recycling of high-purity silicon resources, which has significant environmental and economic value. First, the development background of the photovoltaic industry is introduced, along with the sources, classifications, and forms of silicon resources in silicon cutting waste. Second, the technical route for silicon resource recovery from crystalline silicon cutting waste is outlined using physical methods (phase transfer separation and centrifugal separation) and chemical methods (acid leaching, hydrobromination, carbothe rmal reduction, and slag refining) as frameworks. In physical methods, although the centrifugal separation method has a lower recovery rate than phase transfer separation, it does not require additional organic chemical reagents, thereby offering significant advantages in cost and environmental friendliness. In chemical methods, acid leaching is highly effective in removing metal impurities; however, the resulting strong acid waste liquid poses a significant environmental threat. Therefore, acid leaching is suitable for small-scale recycling; The hydrogen bromide method can effectively remove SiC abrasive from cutting waste and obtain high-purity Si, but hydrogen bromide can cause severe corrosion to equipment. The carbon thermal reduction method, which directly utilizes C to reduce SiO_x, requires low raw material costs; however, it requires strict parameter control during the reduction process, making it suitable for large-scale production. With the slag refining method, the impurity removal rate can reach over 99%; however, the process requires high temperature, making it suitable for processing waste with high impurity content. This study also evaluates the application value of crystalline silicon cutting waste in photocatalytic, lithium-ion battery, thermoelectric, electrocatalytic, and porous ceramic materials. The use of irregularly shaped silicon cutting waste and ultra-thin SiO_x oxide layer serves as an effective buffer in mitigating electrode volume changes. Utilizing layered MXene can enhance the conductivity of composite materials and promote the transport of lithium ions (Li⁺/e^–). Thermoelectric materials such as magnesium silicide (Mg₂Si) and manganese silicide (MnSi) can be prepared by combining silicon resources from the silicon cutting waste with other elements for use in energy conversion and thermal management. Crystalline silicon cutting waste is converted into submicron-grade silicon-rich powder through a series of processes, such as ultrasonic treatment, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. The silicon-rich powder is then mixed with commercial carbon to prepare Pt/C/res Si electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation. Porous ceramics can be prepared using crystalline silicon cutting waste and waste gypsum as raw materials. The strengthening effect of crystalline silicon cutting waste can improve the strength of porous ceramics. In experiments, as the solid content increased from 50% to 65% during the reaction process, the thermal conductivity of porous ceramics increased from 0.204 to 0.892 W·(m·K)^–1, and the compressive strength increased from 3.60 to 20.54 MPa. Finally, the bottleneck problems faced by the silicon resource recycling industry in silicon cutting waste were analyzed to propose corresponding solutions. The content summarized in this review will help promote high-quality and sustainable development in the photovoltaic industry.