多向吸能薄壁波纹蜂窝选区激光熔融成形工艺研究

Study on Selective Laser Melting Forming Process of Multi-directional Energy Absorption Thin-Walled Corrugated Honeycomb

  • 摘要: 本研究以实现兼具多向承载与吸能能力的薄壁波纹蜂窝高质量制备为目的,通过SLM成型试验与仿真模拟相结合的方式,开展了适用于多向承载薄壁波纹蜂窝制备的选区激光熔融(SLM)工艺研究。首先,以316L不锈钢为基体材料,开展了针对波纹蜂窝成型的单道熔池仿真,结合SLM单道扫描试验验证,初步获取了适用于0.1mm厚度蜂窝结构成型的激光功率和扫描速度关键参数阈值区间。进一步开展316L波纹蜂窝胞元成型试验,分析了激光能量对蜂窝胞元成型质量的影响,并在此基础上优化激光扫描功率和扫描速度参数区间的适宜范围。最终结合蜂窝胞元成型仿真模拟,以波纹蜂窝成型的平均变形量为评估指标,确定了适用于薄壁波纹蜂窝的最优打印工艺参数组合。成功制备了壁厚均值为0.104mm的波纹蜂窝并开展了压缩试验。结果显示,与传统正六边形蜂窝相比,制备的波纹蜂窝展现出更优异的多向承载和吸能能力,本研究为薄壁复杂曲面蜂窝结构的SLM工艺参数优化及成型提供了依据。

     

    Abstract: This study aims to achieve high?quality fabrication of thin?walled corrugated honeycomb structures exhibiting simultaneous multi?directional load?bearing and energy?absorption capabilities via Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Initially, 316L stainless steel was used as the base material to perform single?track melt?pool simulations tailored for corrugated honeycomb geometries. These simulations were validated against single?track SLM experiments, thereby identifying the threshold ranges of laser power and scan speed suitable for producing 0.1?mm?thick honeycomb walls. Subsequently, forming trials investigate on 316L stainless?steel corrugated honeycomb cells to systematically investigate the influence of laser energy input on cell fabrication quality. Based on these findings, the applicable parameter windows for laser scanning power and scan speed were optimized. Simulations of the honeycomb cell further refined this optimization: using average cell deformation as the evaluation metric, the optimal process parameter combination for thin?walled corrugated honeycomb fabrication was determined. Finally, a corrugated honeycomb specimen with an average wall thickness of 0.104?mm was fabricated under the optimized SLM conditions and subjected to quasi?static compression testing. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with conventional regular hexagonal honeycombs, the corrugated configuration offers superior multi?directional load?bearing performance and energy?absorption capacity. This work provides a basis for process-parameter optimization and high‐quality fabrication of thin-walled, complex?surface honeycomb structures via SLM.

     

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