Abstract: This paper conducts research on the modeling and vulnerability analysis of complex heterogeneous aviation network systems. Based on complex network theory, a multi-level topological structure model is constructed, and the types of interactive links and data transmission mechanisms between functional nodes are described in detail. By introducing multi-dimensional indicators such as node degree, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality, a structural vulnerability measure model based on attribute-weighted fusion and a functional vulnerability measure model based on attack severity are proposed to evaluate the anti-attack capability of the system from the perspectives of topological stability and load dynamic characteristics, respectively. In addition, a cascade failure model based on node characteristics is designed by combining the characteristics of aviation networks, and the failure diffusion law is analyzed through a load redistribution mechanism. The simulation results show that by optimizing the weight allocation of node attributes, the scale of cascade failures can be effectively suppressed, and the system resilience can be improved. The research results provide theoretical basis and quantitative support for the formulation of dynamic protection strategies, key node identification, and resource optimization configuration of aviation network systems.