面向智慧校园的大规模基站选址与天线工参协同优化方法

Joint Optimization of Large-Scale Base Station Deployment and Antenna Parameter Configuration for Smart Campuses

  • 摘要: 随着移动用户通信需求的爆发式增长,智慧校园等大规模、高时空动态场景对无线网络规划的容量与覆盖性能提出了严峻挑战。在此类场景中,基站选址与天线工程参数调节呈现出强耦合与多尺度特性,亟需在全局视角下开展协同优化。然而,传统规划方法、启发式算法与深度学习算法在面对超大规模、高维决策空间时,普遍存在探索效率低下、收敛不稳定等问题,难以有效解决基站选址与工程参数的联合优化难题。针对上述挑战,本文提出一种条件扩散模型赋能的分层强化学习(Conditional Diffusion Model-enabled Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning,HRL-DiffNet)算法。首先,该算法引入条件扩散模型学习历史优秀基站部署策略并生成优质基站部署的候选方案,作为强化学习的先验以缩小探索空间;在此基础上构建分层强化学习,由上层策略负责基站部署,下层策略对下倾角等工参进行精细调节,实现多尺度决策解耦与协同优化;同时设计融合卷积神经网络与图卷积网络对复杂拓扑及环境特征进行表征,为扩散模型提供条件约束,并作为强化学习的统一状态输入,建立拓扑结构表征、条件扩散模型与优化决策之间的端到端耦合机制。仿真结果表明,在大规模智慧校园网络规划任务中,HRL-DiffNet 相较于现有主流方法在覆盖率与吞吐量等关键性能指标上均取得显著提升,其中网络覆盖率达到 99.1%,平均吞吐量达到 1.766 Mbps,验证了所提方法在复杂场景下开展精细化网络规划的有效性。

     

    Abstract: With the explosive growth of mobile communication demands, large-scale and highly spatiotemporally dynamic scenarios such as smart campuses pose severe challenges to the capacity and coverage performance of wireless network planning. In such environments, base station (BS) site selection and antenna parameter configuration exhibit strong coupling and multi-scale characteristics, which necessitate coordinated optimization from a global perspective. However, conventional and deep learning methods often suffer from inefficient exploration and unstable convergence in large-scale, high-dimensional decision spaces, making it difficult to effectively address the joint optimization of BS locations and engineering parameters. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a Conditional Diffusion Model-enabled Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL-DiffNet) framework. Specifically, a conditional diffusion model learns high-quality deployment distributions to generate candidates, serving as structured priors to shrink the reinforcement learning (RL) exploration space. A hierarchical reinforcement learning architecture is developed, where the high-level policy is responsible for BS site selection, while the low-level policy performs fine-grained optimization of antenna parameters such as downtilt angles, thereby enabling multi-scale decision decoupling and coordinated optimization. In addition, a hybrid neural architecture that integrates convolutional neural networks and graph convolutional networks is designed to model complex topological dependencies and environmental features, providing conditional constraints for the diffusion model and serving as a unified state representation for reinforcement learning. This establishes an end-to-end coupled framework that jointly integrates topological representation, conditional diffusion-based generation, and optimization-driven decision making. Simulation results demonstrate that, in large-scale smart campus network planning tasks, HRL-DiffNet achieves significant performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of key performance metrics such as coverage probability and system throughput. Specifically, the proposed approach attains a network coverage rate of 99.1% and an average throughput of 1.766 Mbps, validating its effectiveness for fine-grained network planning in complex large-scale environments.

     

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