Abstract: Hydrogen, as a crucial energy carrier for green and low-carbon transition, holds great promise for large-scale application. However, the inherent safety challenges posed by its easy leakage, high flammability, and explosiveness have become key constraints on the development of the hydrogen energy industry. This paper first systematically reviews the fundamental physico-chemical properties of hydrogen, including leakage, diffusion, ignition, and explosion. On this basis, it conducts an in-depth analysis of potential safety risks across the four core links of the hydrogen energy chain: production, storage, transportation, and application. In the production stage, risks involve temperature runaway, material failure, membrane component damage, and toxic gas leakage. In the storage stage, risks include hydrogen embrittlement, overpressure, excessive static evaporation rate, and thermal runaway. In the transportation stage, risks consist of hydrogen embrittlement coupled with environmental factors, pressure fluctuations, and leakage accumulation. In the application stage, risks mainly arise from high-pressure hydrogen leakage, accumulation in confined spaces, and collision impacts. To address these risks, this paper proposes systematic prevention and control strategies covering material selection, process optimization, intelligent monitoring, and spatial layout. The study aims to deepen the scientific understanding of hydrogen safety throughout its entire lifecycle, provide systematic theoretical support for the safe utilization and risk management of hydrogen energy, and promote the safe, sustainable, and high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry.